Events in the Philippine Islands on Maharlikanism

History Of The Philippine Islands

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VOLUME I

The Mexican Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

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According to ancient and modern cosmographers, that part of the world called Asia has adjacent to it a multitude of greater and lesser islands, inhabited by various nations and peoples, and as rich in precious stones, gold, silver, and other minerals, as they abound in fruit and grain, flocks, and animals. Some

The second expedition of Paul van Caerden

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The second expedition of Paul van Caerden (1606-1609) consisted of eight vessels, equipped at a cost of 1,825,135 livres.

Its chief result was the capture of the Spanish fort at Machian and the two captures of the commander, who finally died in prison at Manila. The expedition sailed April 20, 1606, and shortly afterward began to have trouble with the Portuguese.

Doctor Francisco de Sande and Don Gonzalo Ronquillo

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His Majesty appointed Doctor Francisco de as governor and captain-general of the islands when the news of conquest of the Filipinas Islands by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, and of his death, reached Españia.

The Royal Audiencia is Established

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The captain:

met his Majesty in Portugal
gave him a few pieces of gold and other curiosities
stated the matters of which he had come to treat

His Majesty, among other favors, appointed him marshal of Bonbon for his hardships during this voyage.

Father Alonso Sanches Suppresses the Audiencia

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The president and auditors arrived at the Filipinas on May 1584, while Diego Ronquillo was governing.

Doctor Sanctiago de Vera entered his office and immediately established the Audiencia. The royal seal was received and deposited with all possible solemnity and festivity.

Don Gomez Perez Dasmariñas

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As soon as Gomez Perez Dasmariñas reached the Filipinas, he was received as governor with universal acclaim.

He suppressed the Audiencia by virtue of a royal decree.

Viceroy Don Luys de Velasco sent Licentiate Herver del Coral to take over the residencias of its president, auditors, fiscal, and other officials

The Death of Gomez Perez Dasmariñas

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The Chinese rowers conspired 3 days before to seize the galley in order to:

avoid the labor of rowing on this expedition
get the money, jewels, and other articles of value aboard the vessel

At a signal, they all lit their candles, and catan [46] in hand, attacked the guards and the men who slept in the quarters [ballesteras] and in the wales, and seized the galley.

Antonio de Morga as Lieutenant-General

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Before starting the expedition to Maluco, Governor Dasmarinas had sent “San Felipe” and “San Francisco” to Nueva España.

Both of them had to return because of heavy storms.

The “San Felipe” returned to the port of Sebu
The “San Francisco” returned to Manila

Nueva España suspected that there were troubles in the islands because of their non-arrival.

The Fall of Cambodia

Sun, 22 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In 1594, when Don Luys was governor, a large junk came to the Filipinas with:

some Cambodians and Siamese
several Chinese
3 Spaniards

One was a Castilian, named Blaz Ruyz de Hernan Gonzalez.

Blas Ruyz amd the Death of Anacaparan

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Blas Ruyz, preceding Belloso, went up the river Mekong as far as the city of Chordemuco.

There they learned that the mandarins of Camboja had united against the Siamese whom they had conquered and driven from the kingdom.

Expedition to Mindanao and the Buhahayen

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While these things were happening in Camboja and Cochinchina, orders had arrived from España from his Majesty to conclude an agreement that Captain Estevan Rodriguez de Figueroa had made with ,

Governor Francisco Tello

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At the start of 1596:

Ronquillo Invades the Buhahayen of Mindanao

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The governor chose Don Juan Ronquillo, general of the galleys, to go to Mindanao.

Ronquillo was given the necessary reënforcements of men and other things to reach Mindanao.

He took command of the Spanish camp and fleet which he found in Tampacan.

Magalat's Rebellion in Cagayan

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Captain and Sargento-mayor Gallinato returned to Manila from Cochinchina and informed Don Francisco Tello whom he found governing, of:

the events of his expedition.
how Blas Ruyz and Diego Belloso had gone by land to Lao from Cochinchina in search of King Langara of Camboja.

Thus by their absence he avoided the blame of leaving Camboja, although there were not wanting many of his own followers who angrily gave information of the opportunity that he had lost by not showing himself or staying in Camboja when he had so good an opportunity;

Expedition from Lima

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On Friday, April 9, 1595, Adelantado Alvaro de Mendaña set sail with his fleet for the conquest and settlement of the western islands in the South Sea.

More Islands

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Thenceforward we began to meet southeasterly winds, which never failed us, and which seem to prevail in those regions. With these winds we continued to sail always in the said direction, never going above eleven or below ten degrees, until Tuesday, August 29, when we discovered a round islet, of about one legua in circumference, surrounded by reefs.

The Galleon in Japan

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When Governor Don Francisco Tello took office in 1596, 2 ships were despatched:

The San Geronymo

This was the ship that Don Fernando de Castro and his wife Doña Ysabel Barreto used to return to Nueva España. It was now set for the port of Cabite.

Taicosama Gets Angry

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The ambassadors who had been sent to Miaco with the gift:

were unable to see Taico even if the gift was was accepted.
failed to get any profitable arrangement

Father Fray Pedro Baptista was the superior of the Franciscan religious in Miaco.

Letter to Taicosama

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It was decided that, in order not to allow the matter to pass, a circumspect man should be sent to Japon with letters from the governor to Taicosama.

The letters would say that:

The Royal Audiencia Reestablished

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While affairs in the Filipinas were in this condition, ships from Nueva España arrived at Manila in May 1598.

These ships brought despatches ordering the reëstablishment of the royal Audiencia, which had been suppressed in the Filipinas some years before.

Prauncar, King of Camboja

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A few days after the Chancillería of the Filipinas had been established in Manila, news arrived of events in Camboja after the arrival of Prauncar.

He was the son and successor of Prauncar Langara who died in Laos.

The Malays and Ocuña de Chu

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(Letter from Blas Ruis de Hernan Gonzalez)

When Camboja was being ravaged by Sian, these 2 Malays went to Champ with many of their Malays and Cambodians.

The Champa ruler did not show them all the honors that they desired. So they caused an insurrection in the city while he was away.

The Lao Fight the Spanish in Cambodia

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Ocuña de Chu was now called manbaray, the highest title in the kingdom. He tried to revolt.

Blas Ruyz Asks for Support

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They have bestowed upon Captain Diego Belloso and myself the title of grandee, the highest in their kingdom, so that we may be more respected and feared, and better obeyed.

The Expedition of Don Luiz to Cambodia

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Through this news from Camboja, we learned of the good result attained by Diego Belloso and Blas Ruys.

It was thought difficult to raise the forces needed to establish the Camdbojan king Prauncar.

Trade with China

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Don Francisco Tello sent orders to Don Luis to return to the Filipinas and abandon the expedition to Camboja or anything else.

Captain Hernando de los Rios was with Don Luis in Canton. He wrote a letter to Doctor Morga to explain.

The End of the Spanish in Cambodia

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Don Luis Dasmariñas tried to leave El Pinal in Canton and return to Manila.

Expedition to Mindanao

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The withdrawal of Don Joan Ronquillo’s camp from the Mindanao river left a Spanish garrison in La Caldera.

It passed into command of Captain Villagra at the death of Captain Joan Pacho in Jolo.

Japan and Daifusama

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Faranda Quiemon and his supporters incited Taicosama to send a fleet against Manila.

An English Pirate

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In October 1600, a ship came from the province of Camarines with news that 2 ships, a flagship and its almiranta, had anchored in one of its northern bays.

The ships were well armed and with foreign crews.

Edict of Governor Don Francisco Tello

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December 1, 1600, Don Francisco Tello declared:

That, whereas, because of the coming to these islands of two hostile English [sic] ships, the preparation of a fleet to attack them was immediately discussed with the resolution and advice of the royal Audiencia, and for this effect it was resolved that Antonio de Morga should go to the port of Cabit to attend to the fitting and despatch of the said war-vessels and the defense of that port, by the act and resolution made thereon, in the book of the government matters pertaining to this said Audiencia, on the last day of the month of October, of this present year, and to which we refer

Antonio Morga versus Oliver van Nort

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By order of the governor and captain-general:

Morga went to the port with all his men and put them aboard the 2 ships.

As flagship he took the “Sant Antonio” of Sebu beacuse it had more room to accommodate his assistants [gente de cumplimiento].

Don Pedro de Acuña and Japan

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In May 1602, 4 ships came to Manila from Nueva España with Don Pedro de Acuña.

He would be a new governor and president of the Audiencia.

He was knight of the Order of St. John, comendador of Salamanca, and lately governor of Cartagena in Tierra Firme.

The Expedition Against the Dutch Corsair

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Governor Don Francisco Tello presented an attestation of this event to the auditor, which is as follows.

Last year, October 1600, two armed Dutch war-vessels under command of Oliber del Nort reached these islands .

Galleon in Japan

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During the first days of the governor’s administration, the Cavite shipyard had 2 large ships being finished for their voyage to Nueva España.

The “Jesus Maria”

This belonged to Don Luys Dasmariñas

The Galleon Santo Tomas

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In 1600, 2 merchant ships left Manila for Nueva España:

The flagship Sancta Margarita

This had Juan Martinez de Guillestigui as general, who had arrived the year before in the same capacity

Moro Raid on Mindoro

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When Governor Don Pedro de Acuña entered his administration, the captain and sargento-mayor, Pedro Cotelo de Morales, arrived from Jolo.

He had the report of Joan Xuarez Gallinato on the state of affairs in Jolo.

The Conquest of Jolo

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The daring and audacity of the Mindanaos and Joloans in making incursions with their fleets into Bisayas led to the expectation that they would come to Manila.

So at the start of 1602, Governor Don Francisco Tello decided for an expedition against Jolo immediately with the forces whom Captain and Sargento-mayor Joan Xuarez Gallinato held in Sebu and in the Pintados, together with more men, ships, and provisions, which were sent him, accompanied by the necessary documents and instructions for him to enter the island.

Joan de Mendoça in Siam

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The Moro Ocuña Lacasamana and his followers killed Diego Belloso, Blas Ruyz de Hernan Gonçales, and the Castilians and Portuguese with them in Camboja.

The other Spaniards escaped in the ship of Joan de Mendoça Gamboa including:

The Expedition of Mendoza against Ternate

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Some years before this, his Majesty had ordered an expedition against Portuguese India to capture of the fort of Terrenate in Maluco.

It was under a Moro who had rebelled and driven out the Portuguese there.

Christianizing Cambodia

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Ocuña Lacasamanà, the Moro Malay, eventually killed King Prauncar II.

Camboja then split into factions and suffered greater disturbances than before.

The King of Tidore

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The affairs of Maluco continued to get worse because the ruler of Terrenate openly waged war against:

his neighbor Tidore
the Portuguese in Tidore

He had allowed some ships which had come to Terrenate from the islands of Holanda and Zelanda by way of India to trade with him.

Mendoza's Letter

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Letter from General Andrea Furtado de Mendoça to Don Pedro de Acuña from Terrenate on March 25, 1603.

Some good may be gained from all misfortunes in the world, however great they may be.

Ships Going To and From Manila

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On July 10, 1603 [173], the “Espiritu-Santo” and “Jesus Maria” left the port of Cabit en route for Nueva España.

The Chinese Mandarins Look for Cavite

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In March 1603, a ship from China came to Manila with 3 great mandarins in the service of their king.

In very curious chairs of ivory and fine gilded woods, borne on the shoulders of men, they went straight to the royal houses of the Audiencia, where the governor was awaiting them.

The Chinese Prepare to Revolt

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The arrival of the mandarins created a fear of the Sangleys became universal.

The Chinese Begin their Revolt in Manila

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The Sangleys had planned their insurrection on November 30.

But their plan was discovered.

So on Friday, October 3, the eve of St. Francis, they collected very hurriedly in their fort.

The End of the Chinese Revolt

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Next day, October 5, Sunday, the Sangleys sent to the parián the heads of:

Don Luys
Don Tomas
Joan de Alcega
other captains

They told the Sangleys there that, since the flower of Manila had been killed, they should revolt and join them, or they would immediately come to kill them.

Teh Effect of the Revolt

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The Spaniards sent to Macao:

Mendoza's Letter

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His Majesty had ordered the expedition to Maluco.

Victory at Tidore

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Don Pedro de Acuña, through his pilots’ fault, had gone 30 leguas to leeward of the island of Terrenate toward the island of Celebes, otherwise called Mateo.

Recognizing that island, he returned to Terrenate, and passing in sight of Talangame, discovered the Dutch vessel.

Passport for the King of Ternate

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Cachil Amuxa, the king’s nephew and the greatest chief of Terrenate, came with other cachils to make peace with the governor.

He said that he and all the Terenatans wished to be vassals of his Majesty, and that they would have rendered homage long before, but the king prevented them.

The Dutch

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The Dutch interest in these regions is so vast – the trade of clove and other drugs and spices.

They think that they will have a gateway there to rule the whole Orient.

The Philippine Islands

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The islands of the eastern Ocean Sea, adjacent to farther Asia and belonging to the crown of España are called “the Western Islands” by those who go there via America.

The Island of Luzon

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This island of Luzon extends lengthwise, from the point and head where one enters the Filipinas Islands (by the channel of Capul, which lies in 13.5 degrees north latitude) to the other point in the province of Cagayan, called Cape Bojeador (and located opposite China, in twenty degrees), more than 200 leguas.

Native Food

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Their ordinary food is:

rice pounded in wooden mortars, and cooked—this is called morisqueta. [232]
- It is the ordinary bread of the whole country
boiled fish (which is very abundant)
the flesh of swine, deer, and wild buffaloes (which they call carabaos).
- Meat and fish they relish better when it has begun to spoil and when it stinks. [233]
boiled camotes (which are sweet potatoes), beans, quilites [234] and other vegetables
all kinds of bananas, guavas, pineapples, custard apples, many varieties of oranges, and other varieties of fruits and herbs, with which the country teems.

Their drink is a wine made from the tops of cocoa and nipa palm, of which there is a great abundance.

Flora and Fauna

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The land is well shaded in all parts by trees of different kinds, and fruit-trees which beautify it throughout the year, both along the shore and inland among the plains and mountains.

Laguna de Bay

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La Laguna de Bay [“Bay Lake”] is a fresh-water lake in Luzon, 5 leguas from Manila, which contains a quantity of fish.

Many rivers flow into this lake, and it empties into the sea through the river flowing from it to Manila.

Laguna de Bay

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In this island of Luzon, especially in the provinces of Manila, Panpanga, Pangasinan, and Ylocos, certain earthenware jars [tibores] are found among the natives.

They are very old, of a brownish color, and not handsome.

The Visayan People

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Other islands near Luzon are:

Language and Writing

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The language of all the Pintados and Biçayas is one and the same, by which they understand one another when talking, or when writing with the letters and characters of their own which they possess.

Native Justice System

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When some natives had suits or disputes with others over matters of property and interest, or over personal injuries and wrongs received, they appointed old men of the same district, to try them, the parties being present.

Native Sexual Practices

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Concubinage, rape, and incest, were not regarded at all, unless committed by a timaua on the person of a woman chief.

It was a quite ordinary practice for a married man to have lived a long time in concubinage with the sister of his wife.

The City of Manila

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The city of Manila was founded by the adelantado Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, first governor of the Filipinas, in the island of Luzon.

It occupies the same site where Rajamora had his settlement and fort.

Segovia, Cagayan

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In the province [of Cagayán] of this same island of Luzon was founded the city of Segovia, [359] during the term of Don Gonçalo Ronquillo, the third governor.

It has 200 Spanish inhabitants who live in wooden houses on the shore of the Tajo River, two leguas from the sea and port of Camalayuga.

The Spanish Colonial Government

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The Spaniards living in the islands are divided into 5 classes of people:

Prelates, religious, and ecclesiastical ministers, both secular and regular
Encomenderos, settlers, conquerors
Soldiers, officers, and officials of war (both on land and sea), and those for navigation
Merchants, business men, and traders;
His Majesty’s agents for government, justice, and administration of his royal revenue.

The ecclesiastical prelates are:

The China Trade

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A lot of merchandise from China, Japon, Maluco, Malaca, Sian, Camboja, Borneo, and other districts go, through merchants and businessmen, from Manila to:

The Spanish Governance

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His Majesty’s agents for the government and justice, and the royal officials for the management of his Majesty’s revenue, are as follows:

The governor and captain-general of all the islands

He is also the president of the royal Audiencia of Manila.

The Spanish Governance

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The Chinese

Sangleys reside in:

the city of Manila
all Spanish settlements

They have come from Great China, besides the merchants.

They have appointed settlements and are engaged in various trades, and go to the islands for their livelihood.

Expedition Of Thomas Cavendish

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Thomas Candish or Cavendish, was a native of “Trimley in the country of Suffolke.”

His fleet had 3 vessels:

Ship	Weight
The Desire	120 tons
The Content	60 tons
Hugh Gallant	40 tons

He left Plymouth July 21, 1586, with 123 men and provisions for 2 years.

The Navigation to the Filipinas

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The navigation to them since it is made thither from Nueva España; the return voyage, which is not short, or without great dangers and hardships; and that made in the eastern direction.

Cavendish in the Philippines

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We road for 9 days around this Island of Capul, where we had diuerse kinds of fresh victualls, with excellent fresh water in euery bay, and great store of wood.

Early Years Of The Dutch In The East Indies

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The voyages of the Dutch into the East Indies had important results for both Spain and Portugal. While they concerned themselves principally with Java and the islands of the Moluccas, they made incursions among the Philippines, where they were a constant menace for many years. The first two expeditions—that of Houtman, June 11, 1596-August 14, 1597; and that of van Neck and van Warwyck, May 1, 1598-May 30, 1600—did little but establish the custom and make beginnings in the East India trade. The first was concerned mainly with Java, but the second entered (with four of its eight vessels) the Moluccas, and brought back a load of cloves. These two expeditions also marked the beginning of troubles with the Portuguese and natives. They were both by way of the Cape of Good Hope.

Oliver van Noordt

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From a Chinese pilot, van Noordt gained certain information concerning Manila.

The houses of the city of Manila are built close together. The city is surrounded by a rampart supported by a wall.

Matelief

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Memoir by Admiral C. Matelief, on the subject of the condition and the commerce of the Indies

The Spaniards and the Portuguese are our adversaries.

van der Hagen

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Etienne van der Hagen’s expedition (April 6, 1599—July 12, 1601) reached the island of Amboina, where they besieged the Portuguese fort there for 2 months, but were unable to take it.

Notes

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[1] Cea is a small town situated in the old kingdom of Léon, on a river of the same name. It was a seat of a chateau and a duchy.